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Mahmoud Darwish ((アラビア語: محمود درويش), 13 March 1942 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian poet and author who won numerous awards for his literary output and was regarded as the Palestinian national poet.〔("Palestinian 'national poet' dies" ), BBC News, 9 August 2008.〕 In his work, Palestine became a metaphor for the loss of Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile.〔(Adam Shatz, "A Poet's Palestine as a Metaphor", ''New York Times'' ), 22 December 2001.〕〔Maya Jaggi, ("Profile: Mahmoud Darwish – Poet of the Arab world" ), ''The Guardian'', 8 June 2002.〕 He has been described as incarnating and reflecting "the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry".〔(Prince of Poets ) ''The American Scholar''.〕 ==Biography== Mahmoud Darwish was born in the village of al-Birwa in the Western Galilee.〔("Death defeats Darwish" ), ''Saudi Gazette''. 10 August 2008.〕 He was the second child of Salim and Houreyyah Darwish. His family were landowners. His mother was illiterate, but his grandfather taught him to read.〔 After Israeli forces assaulted his village of al-Birwa in June 1948 the family fled to Lebanon, first to Jezzin and then Damour.〔 The village was then razed and destroyed by the Israeli army〔"al-Birwa...had been razed by the Israeli army". 〕 to prevent its inhabitants from returning to their homes inside the new Jewish state. A year later, Darwish's family returned to the Acre area, which was now part of Israel, and settled in Deir al-Asad.〔(GeoCities ) Mahmoud Darwish Biography. Sameh Al-Natour.〕 Darwish attended high school in Kafr Yasif, two kilometers north of Jadeidi. He eventually moved to Haifa. He published his first book of poetry, ''Asafir bila ajniha'' or "Wingless Birds", at the age of 19. He initially published his poems in ''Al Jadid'', the literary periodical of the Israeli Communist Party, eventually becoming its editor. Later, he was assistant editor of ''Al Fajr'', a literary periodical published by the Israeli Workers Party (Mapam).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Web Site of the Israeli Labor Party )〕 Darwish left Israel in 1970 to study in the USSR.〔Salman Masalha. (September 2008). (He made a homeland of words ) ''Haaretz''.〕 He attended the University of Moscow for one year,〔 before moving to Egypt and Lebanon.〔(Diaa Hadid, "Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish dead at 67" ), ''Seattle Times'', 9 August 2008.〕 When he joined the PLO in 1973, he was banned from reentering Israel.〔 In 1995, he returned to attend the funeral of his colleague, Emile Habibi and received a permit to remain in Haifa for four days.〔Joel Greenberg, ("Ramallah Journal; Suitcase No Longer His Homeland, a Poet Returns" ), ''New York Times'', 10 May 1996.〕 Darwish was allowed to settle in Ramallah in 1995,〔 although he said he felt he was living in exile there, and did not consider the West Bank his "private homeland."〔 Darwish was twice married and divorced. His first wife was the writer Rana Kabbani. In the mid-1980s, he married an Egyptian translator, Hayat Heeni. He had no children.〔 The "Rita" of Darwish's poems was a Jewish woman that he was in love with when he was living in Haifa. The relationship was the subject of the film "Write Down, I Am an Arab" by the filmmaker Ibtisam Mara'ana Menuhin, an Arab Muslim woman who is married to a Jewish man. While such relationships are rare today, they were more common during the Mandate period, and among communists, who were united by class struggle.〔Alona Ferber, ("When the Palestinian national poet fell in love with a Jew: The love letters between Mahmoud Darwish and 'Rita' intrigued Israeli-Arab filmmaker Ibtisam Mara’ana Menuhin for her own, very personal reasons" ) ''Haaretz'', 4 June 2014〕〔Hala Khamis Nassar and Najat Rahman (eds), ''Mahmoud Darwish, Exile's Poet: Critical Essays''. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2008 (link )〕 Darwish had a history of heart disease, suffering a heart attack in 1984, followed by two heart operations, in 1984 and 1998.〔 His final visit to Israel was on 15 July 2007, to attend a poetry recital at Mt. Carmel Auditorium in Haifa,〔Yoav Stern, ("Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish to attend event in Haifa" ), ''Ha'aretz''.〕 in which he criticized the factional violence between Fatah and Hamas as a "suicide attempt in the streets".〔("Palestinian poet derides factions" ), ''BBC News'', 16 July 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mahmoud Darwish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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